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Krishna paksha · Adhika · amanta reckoning
Mon, 9 Apr
Parama Ekadashi 2029 is on Monday, 9 April. Parana, breaking the fast, is on 10 April, 6:00 AM to 8:33 AM in New Delhi.
Parana (breaking the fast), 10 Apr 2029
6:00 AM – 8:33 AM
Also called Parma Ekadashi. Those are the same observance and the same date, so they share this page rather than competing with it from a second URL.
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Monday, 9 April 2029
| Timing | New Delhi | What it is |
|---|---|---|
| Parana (breaking the fast), 10 Apr 2029 | 6:00 AM to 8:33 AM | The window is the first fifth of the daylight (pratahkala). |
Parama Ekadashi is not a Gregorian date. It is Krishna paksha tithi 11 of Adhika in the amanta reckoning, and the Gregorian day it lands on moves by up to a month between years because twelve lunations fall about eleven days short of a solar year.
Sunrise in New Delhi falls at 6:02 AM on that day, and that is the instant the tithi has to be running at for the day to carry the observance. It is computed for this city rather than assumed, because it is what decides the date.
The two instants above are the astronomy and are not in dispute. The day is an interpretation of them: this observance is decided at sunrise, so it belongs to the day whose sunrise the tithi carries — not simply to the day the tithi begins.
Parama Ekadashi comes only in a year that has an adhika (extra) month — Purushottam maas — roughly one year in three. The table below lists those years.
Every day above is computed for New Delhi from the same tithi instants. ISKCON temples publish their own calendar for each city and also apply the Mahadvadashi rules, which can move a fast to Dwadashi in some years — where your temple's calendar differs, follow it.
Parama Ekadashi is the Krishna Ekadashi of an adhika month, the Purushottam maas that comes roughly one year in three, and the companion of Padmini, the Ekadashi a fortnight before it. Parama means "supreme". Some keep it as a five-day vrat, the Panchratri, from this Ekadashi to Amavasya; others keep the single day. Gifts of food, cloth and a lamp are customary, in keeping with its katha.
Retold in brief from the Skanda Purana, in the Ekadashi-mahatmya told by Krishna to Yudhishthira.
In the city of Kampilya lived a brahmin named Sumedha and his wife Pavitra. They were deeply devout and very poor; often there was nothing in the house, and yet whenever a guest came to the door Pavitra fed him and went hungry herself.
At last Sumedha resolved to leave and earn a living in another land. Pavitra begged him to stay, saying that what is meant to come will come where one is, and he agreed to remain.
Soon afterwards the sage Kaundinya came to their door. They received him with everything they had, and when he saw their poverty and their goodness he told them of the Ekadashi of the dark fortnight of the adhika month — Parama — and of the five-day vrat that may be kept with it, from Ekadashi to Amavasya. Kubera himself, he said, had kept it.
The couple kept the vrat together with great care. The Purana says that on its completion a prince of the kingdom came to them with gifts, gave them a house and land, and that they never lacked again and gave freely for the rest of their lives. Krishna tells Yudhishthira that the day is called Parama because nothing surpasses it in the adhika month.
Fasting customs are described here as tradition, not as medical advice. Consult a doctor before fasting, particularly if you are pregnant, diabetic, elderly or on medication.
Twenty-four in an ordinary year, two more in a year with an adhika month. Each has its own page with its katha, parana and Smarta and Vaishnava dates.
Parama Ekadashi, the dark-half Ekadashi of the adhika month, comes only in a year that has a Purushottam maas, about a fortnight after Padmini. In New Delhi it falls on Monday, 9 April 2029, and the fast runs from sunrise to parana on Dwadashi, 10 Apr, 6:00 AM to 8:33 AM; some extend it into the five-day Panchratri vrat to Amavasya. Parama means supreme, and its katha is of a poor, generous couple of Kampilya who were taught this fast by a sage at their door.
| Muhurat | Time in New Delhi | What it is for |
|---|---|---|
| Parana: the time to break the fast | 10 Apr, 6:00 AM to 8:33 AMThe morning of Dwadashi (the first fifth of the day), Hari Vasara having ended overnight. | The window on Dwadashi, the morning after the fast, in which Parama Ekadashi is completed. It opens once Hari Vasara is over and normally closes with the first part of the morning; when Hari Vasara runs late it moves past midday, and it never runs beyond the end of Dwadashi. The time shown is computed for New Delhi. |
| Hari Vasara ends | 10 Apr, 12:13 AMThe end of the first quarter of Dwadashi; the fast is never broken inside it. | Hari Vasara is the first quarter of Dwadashi. The fast is not broken inside it, even when it is already morning, so its end in New Delhi is the earliest moment parana can begin. |
| Brahma Muhurta | 4:31 AM to 5:16 AMThe 14th of the night's fifteen muhurtas, ending one muhurta before sunrise. | The hour before dawn on the Ekadashi day, the traditional time to wake, bathe and take the sankalp of the fast. |
| Sunrise | 6:02 AMThe upper edge of the Sun on the horizon, with refraction. | The fast is counted from sunrise on Ekadashi to parana on Dwadashi, and the morning puja begins after it. |
| Auspicious choghadiya (day) |
| The day's Amrit, Shubh, Labh and Chal periods. Families who cannot worship at dawn choose one of them for the main puja. |
| Pradosh Kaal: the evening lamp | 6:43 PM to 8:59 PMFrom sunset for three night muhurtas (a fifth of the night). | The evening after sunset, when lamps are lit before Vishnu and beside the tulsi and the aarti is sung again. On Parama a lamp is also one of the customary gifts of Dwadashi, with food and cloth. |
| Nishita Kaal: the night vigil | 11:59 PM to 12:44 AM (10 Apr)The 8th of the night's fifteen muhurtas, around the middle of the night. | The middle of the night, the heart of the jagran. Those who keep the night awake give this part of it to kirtan and japa. |
| Rahu Kaal (to avoid)Kept clear of | 7:37 AM to 9:12 AMRahu's eighth of the daylight, fixed by the weekday: a puja, a purchase or a journey is not begun in it. | The weekday's Rahu Kaal on the Ekadashi day in New Delhi. Many families avoid beginning the sankalp or the main puja inside it; it does not change the fast itself or the parana window. |
| Window | Time in New Delhi | What it is |
|---|---|---|
| Abhijit Muhurat | 11:57 AM to 12:48 PM | Auspicious |
| Brahma Muhurat | 4:31 AM to 5:16 AM | Auspicious |
These are the spans classical muhurta sets aside for beginnings. They are descriptions of a convention, not warnings: the observance is kept on its day regardless, and nothing here needs to be bought, corrected or remedied.
| Window | Time in New Delhi |
|---|---|
| Rahu Kaal | 7:37 AM to 9:12 AM |
| Yamaganda Kaal | 10:47 AM to 12:22 PM |
| Durmuhurta First | 12:48 PM to 1:39 PM |
| Durmuhurta Second | 3:20 PM to 4:11 PM |
| Varjyam | 11:42 PM to 1:29 AM |
Every time above is computed for New Delhi around Monday, 9 April 2029, from the sunrise, sunset and the positions of the Sun and Moon for this city. The Vedic day runs sunrise to sunrise, so a window whose clock time falls after midnight still belongs to the evening before; a time on another date carries that date.
Every Ekadashi is kept the same way: one sattvic meal on Dashami, the sankalp at dawn, Vishnu puja with tulsi, the katha and aarti, lamps at dusk, the night vigil and parana on Dwadashi. Those steps are in the Ekadashi vrat vidhi. Below are the steps Parama Ekadashi adds or words its own way.
Sit before the altar, hold a little water and a flower in your right hand and resolve to keep the vrat: say your name, that you are keeping Parama Ekadashi for Vishnu, and how you will fast, whether without water, on water alone, on fruit or with one phalahar meal. Then let the water fall. The Ekadashi sankalpa verse in the mantra section can be said here.
In the sankalp, say whether you keep Parama alone or the five-day Panchratri vrat from this Ekadashi to Amavasya that the sage Kaundinya taught in its katha. How the five days are kept and closed varies, so follow your family's or guru's rule.
Pavitra fed every guest who came to her door, even when it left her hungry. If anyone comes to the house today, offer water and fruit before anything else.
Read or listen to the Parama Ekadashi vrat katha below, and the Vishnu Sahasranama or a chapter of the Gita if you can. Then sing Om Jai Jagdish Hare with a ghee lamp or camphor, and ask pardon for any mistake made in the puja.
Next morning bathe, worship Vishnu briefly and give, as the katha's couple gave for the rest of their lives: food, a cloth and a lamp to a brahmin or someone in need. Then break the fast inside the parana window, a tulsi leaf with water or a fruit first, with the parana verse, and a simple sattvic meal after it. Those keeping the Panchratri carry their vow on to Amavasya.
The puja samagri every Ekadashi uses (an image of Vishnu, tulsi picked on Dashami, a ghee lamp, yellow flowers, panchamrit, Ganga jal and the rest) is in the Ekadashi samagri list. For Parama Ekadashi, add:
The verses every Ekadashi uses, from the dhyana and sankalpa verses to the parana verse, and the Om Jai Jagdish Hare aarti are in the Ekadashi guide's mantras and aarti. Parama Ekadashi's own:
अनन्याश्चिन्तयन्तो मां ये जनाः पर्युपासते ।
तेषां नित्याभियुक्तानां योगक्षेमं वहाम्यहम् ॥
Ananyash chintayanto mam ye janah paryupasate
Tesham nityabhiyuktanam yogakshemam vahamyaham
Meaning: Those who worship me with undivided minds, ever united with me: for them I bring what they lack and keep what they have.
When and how: Read after the katha, whose couple lived by this verse's trust.
Its katha is about hospitality in poverty. Pavitra fed every guest who came to her door from a house that often had nothing, and talked her husband out of leaving home to chase a living; it was to that door that the sage Kaundinya came with this fast. So the day is kept by feeding someone before one's own parana, by giving even when there is little to give, and by a lamp before Vishnu each evening as the moon wanes.
For those who can, the vow runs on for five nights, to the new moon that closes the doubled month, under whatever rule the family or guru keeps. The katha ends with a prince bringing the couple a house and land, and with the two of them giving freely all their lives; tradition keeps the day for devotion and charity, not as a route to money. Krishna's word in the katha is that nothing in that month surpasses this fast.
Pavitra fed every guest from a house that often had nothing, and went hungry herself. Feed someone before your own parana: a guest, a neighbour in need or a hungry stranger.
The customary gifts of Parama, given on Dwadashi before the fast is broken. Give what you can; the katha honours the giving, not its size.
Kaundinya taught a five-day vrat from Parama to Amavasya. If the full fast is beyond you, keep its spirit in a lighter form, with japa and a lamp before Vishnu each evening to Amavasya, as your family's practice allows.
The katha turns when Sumedha, ready to leave home in search of a living, listens to Pavitra and stays. It is a katha for a hard season, read for steadiness; tradition offers it as faith, not as a promise of money.
Once provided for, the couple gave freely for the rest of their lives. If you are praying through a hard time, resolve now to give a share to others when it eases.
Parama falls as the moon wanes toward the Amavasya that ends the adhika month. Light a ghee lamp before Vishnu and beside the tulsi at dusk, and give one in daan on Dwadashi.
What may be eaten on any Ekadashi, from fruit and sabudana to samak rice and the parana meal, is in the Ekadashi food list.
Two years back, this year, and two ahead. Past years are kept rather than dropped so you can check the engine against a calendar you already have.
| Year | Date | Status |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Tuesday, 13 October 2020 | past |
| 2023 | Saturday, 12 August 2023 | past |
| 2026This year | Thursday, 11 June 2026 | past |
| 2029 | Monday, 9 April 2029 | upcoming |
| 2031 | Friday, 12 September 2031 | upcoming |
| 2034 | Wednesday, 12 July 2034 | upcoming |
Every row is computed for New Delhi from the same ephemeris, not looked up. Sunrise decides which day a tithi names, and sunrise differs across India by more than an hour, so a date computed for Delhi can be a day out elsewhere.
There is no single authority that settles a Hindu festival date, and the divergence is genuine rather than sloppy. Three causes account for almost all of it.
So this page shows its working. If your pandit or your family almanac gives a different day, the instants above will usually show you exactly why — and that is more useful than a date asserted without one.
Parama Ekadashi falls on Monday, 9 April 2029 in New Delhi; Ekadashi tithi runs 3:46 PM (8 Apr) to 5:39 PM. It is the dark-half Ekadashi of the adhika month, about two weeks after Padmini, so it shares that month's season, which changes from one adhika year to the next.
Three honest reasons. The tithi can be running at the deciding moment on two days or on none. North India reckons the month purnimanta and the south and west amanta, which names the same krishna fortnight differently. And almanacs differ on which moment of the day decides an observance. The instants above are the astronomy; the day is an interpretation of them.
Parama Ekadashi is the Krishna Ekadashi of an adhika month, the Purushottam maas that comes roughly one year in three, and the companion of Padmini, the Ekadashi a fortnight before it. Parama means "supreme". Some keep it as a five-day vrat, the Panchratri, from this Ekadashi to Amavasya; others keep the single day. Gifts of food, cloth and a lamp are customary, in keeping with its katha.
It is told in the Skanda Purana, in the Ekadashi-mahatmya told by Krishna to Yudhishthira. The katha is retold in full above.
Not this year — both keep Monday, 9 April 2029. The Vaishnava rule reads Ekadashi at arunodaya, and Ekadashi already holds that day's arunodaya.
It belongs to the adhika month, which the lunar calendar inserts only when a lunar month passes without the Sun entering a new sign, every two or three years. In any other year there is simply no Parama to keep; the years that have one are listed in the table on this page.
For the one-day fast, parana is on Dwadashi, 10 Apr, 6:00 AM to 8:33 AM in New Delhi, once Hari Vasara has ended (10 Apr, 12:13 AM). Those keeping the five-day Panchratri carry their vow on to Amavasya and close it as their family's or guru's rule directs.
In Kampilya lived the brahmin Sumedha and his wife Pavitra, devout and very poor; she fed every guest even when it left her hungry. When Sumedha resolved to go abroad to earn, she persuaded him to stay. Soon the sage Kaundinya came to their door and, moved by their goodness, taught them Parama Ekadashi and its five-day vrat, which Kubera had kept. After they kept it, a prince of the kingdom brought them gifts, a house and land, and they never lacked again. The full katha is above.
A five-night vow from Parama Ekadashi to the Amavasya that ends the adhika month, taught in the katha by the sage Kaundinya. How strictly the five days are kept varies by family and guru; others keep only the Ekadashi itself, with parana on Dwadashi.
Parama means supreme, the highest. Krishna tells Yudhishthira that the day carries the name because nothing in the adhika month surpasses it.
Two: Padmini, also called Kamala, in the bright half, and Parama in the dark half, about a fortnight apart; some calendars give the name Kamala to both. They replace none of the regular Ekadashis, so a lunar year with an adhika month has twenty-six Ekadashis instead of twenty-four.
It is called the supreme Ekadashi of the month given to Vishnu as Purushottama, and its katha joins the fast to hospitality and giving: Pavitra fed guests from an empty house, and the couple gave freely once they had enough. The katha ends in plenty, but tradition keeps the day for devotion and charity, not as a bargain for wealth.
Its katha ends with a poor couple provided for, and the Purana praises its merit highly. But the tradition tells this as the fruit of faith and generosity, and the fast is not a remedy for debt or a financial plan. Keep it as devotion, and give from what you have, as Pavitra did.
Food, a cloth and a lamp are the customary gifts, given on Dwadashi before parana to a brahmin or someone in need. They echo the katha: Pavitra fed every guest, and the couple, once provided for, gave all their lives.
Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya, 108 times on a tulsi mala, and the Gita's verse in which Krishna says he carries the needs of those devoted to him (chapter nine, verse twenty-two), which the katha tells as a story. Both are in the mantra section with the sankalpa and parana verses.
They share the adhika month and its rarity. Padmini, in the bright half, is a queen's fast kept with the night awake, after which Vishnu granted her husband a son; Parama, in the dark half, is a poor couple's fast, with a five-day option and gifts of food, cloth and a lamp.
